Neutropenia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the level of neutrophils below 1500 in 1 µl of peripheral blood. The causes can be various bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, medications. The level of neutrophils is examined in a general blood test. To correct this pathology, the underlying disease is treated. In severe neutropenia, drugs are used that stimulate the formation of bone marrow leukocytes.
Read more →Monocytopenia is a laboratory syndrome in which there is a decrease in the level of monocytes below 500 in 1 μl of blood. Isolated monocytopenia is extremely rare. Most often, it is combined with a decrease in the number of neutrophils (neutropenia) or with a drop in the content of all blood cells (pancytopenia). The cause of monocytopenia can be severe bacterial infections, malignant myeloproliferative diseases, oppression of hematopoiesis, etc. The level of monocytes is examined when calculating the leukocyte formula in a clinical blood test. Correction of this condition is carried out in the treatment of the underlying disease.
Read more →Monocytosis is a pathological condition in which there is an increase in the content of monocytes more than 1000 in 1 µl of blood. The causes are infectious, inflammatory, and oncohematological diseases. In children, infectious mononucleosis is the most common cause. There are no specific symptoms. The clinical picture is determined by the underlying pathology. The level of monocytes is examined in capillary or venous blood when calculating the leukocyte formula. To return monocytes to reference values (from 1 to 10%), the disease that served as a background for the occurrence of monocytosis is treated.
Read more →Myoglobinuria is a pathological condition in which myoglobin is found in the urine. The cause of development are injuries with muscle crushing, electrical injuries, deep extensive thermal burns, CO2 poisoning, gas gangrene, some myopathies, and a significant load on the muscles. Manifested by red or dark brown urine, difficulty urinating, sometimes pain in the lumbar region. Myoglobin is determined by microscopy of urine sediment and by immunoelectrophoresis. Correction is made during the treatment of the underlying pathology.
Read more →Lymphocytopenia (lymphopenia) is a decrease in the level of lymphocytes less than 1,800 (18% of the total number of leukocytes) in 1 μl of blood. In children, due to physiological lymphocytosis due to leukocytic decussation, lymphocytopenia is recognized as below 3,500-4,500. The cause is considered to be infectious and autoimmune diseases, malignant blood diseases. The clinical picture is determined by the underlying pathology. Lymphopenia can be manifested by hypoplasia of the tonsils of the pharyngeal ring, activation of opportunistic infections. The concentration of lymphocytes is measured in the complete blood count (CBC). To return them to normal levels, it is necessary to treat the disease that caused lymphocytopenia.
Read more →Lymphocytosis is an increase in the content of lymphocytes above 4000 (or 40%) in 1 µl of blood. The cause is acute viral diseases, some chronic bacterial infections, malignant hematological diseases, etc. Clinical manifestations are determined by the nosology against which lymphocytosis developed. The level of lymphocytes is examined in venous or capillary blood when calculating the leukocyte formula of the general blood test. To correct lymphocytosis, a fight against the cause is carried out, i.e. treatment of the underlying disease.
Read more →Leukocyturia is a pathological condition characterized by a high concentration of leukocytes in the urine. The cause may be urinary tract infections, autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. In rare cases, leukocyturia is a sign of oncological pathology or graft rejection. By itself, leukocyturia has no clinical symptoms. Rarely, with a large number of cells, urine can become cloudy. The level of leukocytes is determined in the general analysis of urine, the study of the Nechiporenko, Kakovsky-Addis samples. Correction of this laboratory deviation is carried out in the treatment of the underlying disease.
Read more →Leukocytosis is an increase in the content of leukocytes in the peripheral blood above 9000 in 1 μl (9x109 / l). It is observed in a wide range of nosologies, especially bacterial and viral infections, systemic inflammatory pathologies of a rheumatic nature. There are no specific clinical manifestations. Symptoms are determined by the cause, i.e. disease, against the background of which leukocytosis developed. The level of leukocytes is measured when taking venous or capillary blood in the morning 12 hours after the last meal. The white blood cell count is part of a complete blood count. To correct leukocytosis, the underlying disease is treated.
Read more →Leukopenia is a decrease in the level of leukocytes in peripheral blood below 4000 in 1 µl. The cause of this condition can be infectious, inflammatory autoimmune diseases, genetic defects of the immune system, etc. Clinically, leukopenia is manifested by an increased susceptibility of the body to various infections, but it can be completely asymptomatic. The level of leukocytes is measured when taking venous or capillary blood in the morning on an empty stomach. To correct this laboratory deviation, the underlying disease is treated.
Read more →Erythropenia is a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood. In most cases, it is combined with a decrease in hemoglobin levels, which in total causes the development of anemia. The cause of erythropenia is acute and chronic blood loss, malnutrition and absorption, cancer, some autoimmune, infectious, hereditary diseases, poisoning. Pathology is manifested by weakness, fainting, tachycardia, decreased immunity, bleeding. Erythropenia is detected as part of a clinical blood test. Treatment - diet correction, B vitamins, iron preparations, erythropoietin.
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