Symptoms of ENT diseases

Noise in ears

Noise in the ears (tinnitus) is a symptom in which a person hears extraneous sounds (crackling, ringing, hum) in the absence of their obvious source. There are several etiological factors of this condition: exposure to loud sounds, diseases and tumors of the hearing organ, hypertension and other vascular disorders. To determine the cause of tinnitus, audiometry with tuning fork tests, X-ray examination of the skull, angiography, otoscopy, and laboratory tests are performed. To stop the symptom, methods of psychotherapy, sedative phytopreparations are used.

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Sneezing

Sneezing normally occurs under the influence of chemical or physical irritants of the nasal mucosa, when in a dry room, pregnancy. A pathological symptom occurs in acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and nasal polyps. Diagnosis includes anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses, microbiological and cytological analysis of a nasal swab. Local therapy is carried out with nasal drops with hormones, antibiotics, immunomodulators. Treatment is supplemented with antihistamines and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and surgical methods.

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Loss of smell

Loss of smell (anosmia) is the complete loss of the sense of smell. The symptom is physiological in the elderly, but more often olfactory disorders occur in smokers, with various diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and pathologies of the brain. To establish the root cause of anosmia, olfactometry, examination of ENT organs, X-ray and tomographic methods of brain imaging, and laboratory tests are used. Medications are prescribed taking into account the underlying disease after diagnostic measures.

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Sharpening of the sense of smell

An acute sense of smell (hyperosmia) is an increased sensitivity to smells. Common physiological prerequisites for olfactory disorders are hormonal changes in women during pregnancy and in the premenstrual period. The symptom is characteristic of neurological and psychiatric diseases. To determine the cause of olfactory disorders, olfactometry, ENT examination, and instrumental methods of brain imaging are performed. Medications are aimed at treating the underlying pathology, so they are prescribed only after a diagnosis has been made.

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Olfactory disturbance

Olfactory impairment (dysosmia) is a variety of odor perception disorders that are manifested by an increase or decrease in olfactory function, an inability to recognize familiar aromas. The symptom occurs in inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity, craniocerebral injuries, other neurological or psychiatric diseases. To determine the root cause of the impaired sense of smell, olfactometry, ENT examination, radiography and tomography of the skull bones are performed. Until an accurate diagnosis is made, medications are not prescribed.

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Ear congestion

Ear congestion is a subjective discomfort in the form of a feeling of pressure in the ear, "fullness" of the ear canal, hearing loss. The symptom is observed with pressure drops, inflammatory diseases of the auditory analyzer and nasopharynx, taking certain medications. To determine the cause of congestion, otoscopy, audiometry, X-ray examination of the bones of the skull, laboratory tests, and the patency of the Eustachian tube are assessed. Medications are prescribed only after determining the disease that has disrupted the functioning of the hearing organ.

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Nasal congestion

Nasal congestion is a difficulty in nasal breathing. The symptom is often accompanied by nasal discharge, headaches, and sleep disturbances. Unpleasant manifestations can be due to both physiological causes and various diseases of the nasal cavity, allergic reactions, pathologies of anatomical structures. To identify the cause of congestion, rhinoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses, laboratory tests and allergy tests are performed. Non-drug methods, nasal drops, are used as symptomatic treatment until a diagnosis is established.

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