Eosinophilia (eosinophilic leukocytosis) is an increase in the blood level of eosinophils more than 500 in 1 μl of blood or more than 5%. Most often occurs in allergic reactions, parasitic invasions, may indicate severe lung diseases, oncological hematological pathologies. There are no specific manifestations. The clinical picture depends on the disease in which there is an increased content of eosinophils. The level of eosinophils is examined in venous or capillary blood by counting the leukocyte count in the general blood test. To correct eosinophilia, it is necessary to treat the disease that caused it.
Read more →Eosinopenia is a laboratory phenomenon characterized by a decrease in the content of eosinophils less than 100 in 1 µl of blood. It is a rather rare occurrence and can occur in severe cases of various infectious diseases, pathologies accompanied by hypercortisolism, and some allergic reactions. The level of eosinophils is examined when calculating the leukocyte formula in a clinical blood test. Correction is carried out as part of the treatment of the underlying disease.
Read more →Crystalluria is the presence of various crystalline inclusions in the urine. It can occur both in healthy people and be a sign of a serious illness. Diagnostic value is the type of crystals, their number, as well as repeated detection during repeated studies. Some crystals can change the color of urine. Prolonged crystalluria is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of urolithiasis. Crystalluria is detected by microscopic examination of the urinary sediment in a general urinalysis. Correction is carried out as part of the treatment of the underlying disease.
Read more →Creatorrhoea is the appearance of a large number of undigested muscle and connective tissue fibers in the stool. The symptom occurs in putrefactive dyspepsia, gastritis with low acidity, chronic pancreatitis, and other pathologies of the pancreas. To diagnose the causes of creatorrhea, a blood and feces study, probe and tubeless functional tests, and instrumental imaging techniques are prescribed. Treatment of creatorrhea begins with diet therapy. Drug therapy includes preparations of digestive enzymes, analgesics, antidiarrheals and gastroprotectors.
Read more →Erythrocytosis is an increase in the level of red blood cells in the blood. May be physiological or pathological. It accompanies diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, heart defects, kidney diseases, hormonally active neoplasms, high blood pressure, significant fluid loss. Manifestations vary, moderate hepatosplenomegaly, red cyanosis of the skin, varicose veins, sometimes bleeding, thrombosis are possible. Erythrocytosis is determined by the results of a clinical blood test. Treatment includes therapy of the underlying pathology, lifestyle correction, diet, bloodletting.
Read more →Changes in the urine are deviations from the norm of laboratory parameters of urine. They include a change in the amount of urine excreted (oliguria, polyuria), physicochemical properties (hypo- and hyperstenuria), the presence of impurities (bacteriuria, hematuria, pyuria, etc.). May indicate infectious inflammation, endocrine disorders, damage to the kidneys, liver, the presence of stones. Changes in the urine are diagnosed using laboratory tests: general and biochemical analysis, bakposev, functional tests. Treatment depends on the cause of the identified disorders.
Read more →Changes in the blood are laboratory syndromes that reflect changes in the cellular, biochemical, gas composition of the blood and its properties. Hematological abnormalities are characteristic of a wide range of infectious and inflammatory, metabolic, allergic, tumor diseases, diseases of the blood system. They are detected as part of a laboratory study of peripheral blood using microscopy, photocolorimetric, immunoturbidimetric, enzyme immunoassay and a number of other methods. Blood changes, as a rule, are non-specific, therefore, they cannot serve as the only basis for making a clinical diagnosis.
Read more →Changes in the feces are various, laboratory-determined indicators of the general analysis of feces, indicating a disorder in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Macro- and microscopic deviations from the norm may indicate nutritional errors, gastritis, enteritis, colitis, pancreatic secretory insufficiency, diseases of the biliary tract. Changes in the feces are detected during the study of the coprogram. Depending on the root cause, a diet, enzyme preparations, and gastroprotectors are prescribed. In case of surgical pathology, surgical treatment is indicated.
Read more →Glucosuria is a pathological condition characterized by the detection of glucose in a urine sample. The causes may be diseases of the pancreas, various endocrine disorders, kidney disease. Glucosuria itself has no clinical manifestations. Prolonged excretion of large amounts of glucose in the urine increases the risk of developing urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis). The glucose level is examined on an empty stomach in a medium portion of freshly collected urine. Correction of this laboratory deviation is carried out by treating the underlying disease.
Read more →Hypophosphatemia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the blood plasma below 0.9 mmol / l. There can be many reasons for hypophosphatemia: insufficient intake from food, diseases of the kidneys, parathyroid glands, etc. The main clinical manifestations include muscle weakness, up to paralysis, and disorders of higher nervous activity in the form of lethargy, drowsiness. The diagnosis is established on the basis of determining the level of phosphates in the blood. As a treatment, phosphate deficiency is replenished and the underlying disease is treated.
Read more →