Hypersensitivity is a pathological phenomenon associated with a heightened perception of ordinary stimuli (auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, etc.). Accompanied by physical and psychological discomfort, sometimes - pain. Diagnostics includes consultations of medical specialists, imaging (MRI, endoscopy) and electrophysiological studies. Depending on the form of hypersensitivity and the identified causes, appropriate therapy is prescribed.
Hypersensitivity (hypersensitivity, hyperesthesia) is based on a distortion of perception and conduction of a nerve impulse along a reflex arc. As a result, excessive sensations arise that are not comparable in strength to the stimulus. Inflammatory, allergic processes, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, psychogenic disorders can change the sensitivity in various organs. Common options for hypersensitivity are hyperesthesia of the teeth, hyperacusis, photophobia, hyperalgesia, hypersensitivity of the head of the penis, etc.
Photophobia (photophobia) is a pathological, painful reaction to light stimuli of normal intensity, such as ordinary daylight or diffused artificial lighting. At the same time, there is a desire to close your eyes, close your eyes with an opaque bandage, put on sunglasses. The causes of increased sensitivity to light are:
If you complain of increased sensitivity to light, it is recommended to visit an ophthalmologist, undergo a comprehensive diagnosis of the organ of vision and visual function (visometry, biomicroscopy, measurement of IOP, Schirmer's test). If the causes of photophobia are due to the pathology of the central nervous system, an MRI of the brain, MR angiography is performed. Until the symptom disappears, it is recommended to use the blackout mode, reduce the visual load. For the treatment of eye diseases, drops, ointments are selected, intraocular injections are carried out.
The reduced threshold for the perception of sound stimuli is called hyperacusis. Painful perception of sounds can be caused by habitual noises of normal volume: a conversation, a telephone call, the sound of household appliances, etc. The phenomenon of hyperacusis may be a symptom of the following conditions:
If hyperacusis occurs, a consultation with an otolaryngologist is indicated with otoscopy, audiometry, OAE, electrocochlearography. Neurological diagnostic methods include brain MRI, EFI, lumbar puncture with CSF analysis. Treatment is carried out with the help of conservative (pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy) and surgical methods (decompression operations on the inner ear, nerve plasty, etc.), psychotherapy.
Acute pain sensitivity develops with increased excitability of pain receptors or pathways that transmit a nerve impulse to the central nervous system. Hyperalgesia can be primary (with activation of pain receptors in the lesion) and secondary (with excessive irritation of the centers that perceive the pain signal). The causes of increased pain sensitivity are:
Increased sensitivity of the penis can be an innate feature of a man, occur during puberty, due to circumcision of the foreskin, with compression or irritation of the genital organ with irrationally selected underwear. This condition is often accompanied by premature ejaculation, pain when touching the head, dysuric disorders. Pathological causes include:
The causes of increased sensitivity of the glans penis are established by an andrologist or dermatovenereologist during the appointment and examination. Additionally, it may be necessary to conduct tests for STIs, allergy tests, after which local and general treatment is prescribed (sanation of the preputial sac, irrigation with antiseptics, application of ointments and creams, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antihistamines).