Logorrhea is a specific speech disorder, consisting in uncontrolled incoherent speech production. Senseless, unregulated verbosity is combined with an accelerated pace of speech. The symptom is typical for sensory alalia, acoustic-gnostic aphasia, schizophrenia, manic disorder, dementia, etc. Diagnosis of logorrhea is carried out by speech therapists, psychiatrists as part of the main speech or mental disorder. Depending on the cause of verbosity, speech therapy correction or drug treatment may be carried out.
Read more →Lambdacism is a phonetic disorder, expressed in the abnormal pronunciation of [Л] and [Л']. It is manifested by distortion (interdental, nasal, bilabial, labio-dental) or the absence of these speech sounds. It occurs in the structure of dyslalia, dysarthria syndrome, rhinolalia. Defective sound pronunciation is detected during a speech examination. Speech therapy correction of lambdacism is carried out using articulatory gymnastics, logo massage, differentiated sound production techniques, special exercises for automating the evoked sound.
Read more →Embolophrasy is a constant repetition of a highly fixed fragment of a word, a whole word or a phrase that is inappropriate in a given speech situation. Speech embolus is present in patients with motor aphasia, stuttering, cluttering, neurological and psychiatric disorders. They can be individual sounds, interjections, words. With gross aphasia, the speech embolus is the only form of speech available to the patient. To establish the cause of embolophrasia and associated speech disorders, a speech therapy examination is performed. To slow down the speech embolus, systematic exercises are needed to correct the basic logopathology.
Read more →Coprolalia is the unintentional, inappropriate, pathologically obsessive utterance of swear words and obscene language. It occurs in a number of mental and neurological diseases: Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, manic syndrome, neuroinfections, Kleine-Levin syndrome, in the post-stroke period. May be a side effect of taking neuroleptics. Coprolalia is diagnosed by clinical methods (talk, observation), identification of its causes requires instrumental (MRI, EEG) and laboratory diagnostics. Treatment depends on the etiology of the disorder, including pharmacological agents, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation techniques.
Read more →Echolalia is a symptom of a language disorder characterized by the uncontrollable automatic repetition of words or phrases spoken by another person. Echolalaemia is normal in the development of speech before the age of two, later they are considered as a symptom of a mental or neurological disease. Signs of echolalia: repetition of the endings of the interlocutor's phrases, delayed reproduction of his requests and questions, quoting replicas from films. Diagnosis is performed by a clinical method. Treatment is based on psychocorrection.
Read more →Cappacism in the narrow sense means defects in the pronunciation of [K] and [K ′], in a broader sense - the shortcomings of all back-lingual sounds, including [G] and [G ′], [X] and [X ′]. With this speech disorder, phonemes are either completely absent in speech, or are pronounced with a guttural, nasal, lateral overtone. Diagnosis is carried out by a speech therapist by examining the articulatory apparatus and sound pronunciation. Sometimes additional dental or neurological diagnostics are required. Correction of cappacism consists of the formation of an articulation pattern, setting and fixing a normative sound. According to the indications, orthodontic treatment, operations on the maxillofacial area, logomassage, physiotherapy are carried out.
Read more →Distortion of sounds is an acoustically abnormal pronunciation of phonemes. It is characterized by the use in speech of variants of sound pronunciation that are absent in the phonetics of the Russian language. It occurs with bilingualism, dyslalia, rhinolalia, dysarthria. Distortion of sounds is diagnosed during the examination of oral speech. Correction of incorrect sound pronunciation is carried out mainly by speech therapy methods (articulatory gymnastics, sound production, automation). Sometimes additional orthodontic correction, surgical elimination of maxillofacial anomalies, and neurological treatment are required.
Read more →Speech stutters are unintentional stops in speech that are non-convulsive or spasmodic in nature. They can have a physiological origin, be a sign of speech, neurological, mental disorders. Manifested by stumbling, repetition of sounds, syllables and sound combinations, interrupting the statement. They are diagnosed according to neurological, speech therapy, psychological examination. Therapy includes the creation of calm conditions in the family and the team, the observance of the speech regimen. In speech pathology, speech therapy classes and medical measures (massage, psychotherapy, physical therapy, drug correction) are carried out.
Read more →Sound substitution is the persistent use of one normative sound instead of another. At the same time, the sound-substitute is phonetically correct (not distorted), similar in articulation or acoustic properties to the replaced sound. This violation is detected by a speech therapist during the examination of sound pronunciation and phonemic hearing. If necessary, otological diagnostics is carried out. Corrective work is aimed at the formation of articulatory praxis, the development of speech hearing, analytical and synthetic activity, and the differentiation of mixed sounds.
Read more →Dysprosody is a disorder of intonational, rhythmic, melodic characteristics of speech production. If the prosodic components are violated, speech becomes monotonous, hypophonic, arrhythmic, devoid of emotional coloring and expressiveness. Dysprosody is present in the clinic of dysarthria, rhinolalia, tempo-rhythmic disorders, Parkinson's disease, foreign accent syndrome. Diagnostic tactics involves a neurological, psychological, psychiatric, speech therapy examination. Treatment is carried out with medication, psychotherapy, physiotherapy. Additionally, speech therapy is needed.
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