Changes in the blood are laboratory syndromes that reflect changes in the cellular, biochemical, gas composition of the blood and its properties. Hematological abnormalities are characteristic of a wide range of infectious and inflammatory, metabolic, allergic, tumor diseases, diseases of the blood system. They are detected as part of a laboratory study of peripheral blood using microscopy, photocolorimetric, immunoturbidimetric, enzyme immunoassay and a number of other methods. Blood changes, as a rule, are non-specific, therefore, they cannot serve as the only basis for making a clinical diagnosis.
The internal environment of the body reacts to any endogenous and external changes. The composition of the blood varies depending on age, lifestyle and nutrition, physical and mental activity and, of course, the state of health. All these factors affect the results of a blood test, so it is recommended to take tests in the morning before meals and medications. There are many laboratory hematological syndromes, the main of which fit into 4 groups:
1. Changes in the cellular composition of the blood. It is determined by studying the morphology and counting the blood cells.
2. Changes in the biochemical composition of the blood. They are diagnosed by determining the content of various soluble substances in the blood plasma (enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, inorganic salts, etc.).
3. Changes in the macro- and microelement composition of the blood. The most clinically significant are hyper- and hypokalemia, hyper- and hypocalcemia, hyper- and hyponatremia, hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia. They allow to detect metabolic disorders, diagnose diseases of the heart and kidneys.
4. Changes in the gas composition of the blood. According to the degree of change in the determined parameters (pH, partial pressure of CO2 and O2, etc.), it is possible to detect the state of acidosis and alkalosis in the body.