Joint asymmetry is observed in traumatic injuries, developmental anomalies, inflammatory and degenerative articular pathologies. Sometimes it occurs as a reaction of the body to diseases of other organs and systems. May be due to edema, fluid accumulation, changes in the configuration of solid structures, atrophy, fibrosis of the periarticular soft tissues. The cause of the asymmetry is determined according to the data of the survey, external examination, radiography, ultrasound, and other imaging and laboratory methods. Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs may sometimes be taken before a diagnosis is made.
Pain in the temples occurs with migraine, hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, trauma, intoxication syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, temporal arteritis, pheochromocytoma, cluster headache and tension headache. Pain sensations can be prolonged, paroxysmal, sharp, dull, pulsating, pressing, shooting, aching, burning. The reason is established according to the survey, examination, laboratory and instrumental techniques. Treatment - analgesics, anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, blockades, surgical interventions.
Pain in the back of the head is observed with migraine, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, arterial hypertension, cerebral atherosclerosis, meningitis, encephalitis, occipital neuralgia, head and neck injuries, and some diseases of the muscles and spine. It can be dull, acute, local, diffuse, pressing, burning, pulsating. The cause of the symptom is established on the basis of complaints, examination data, additional instrumental and laboratory techniques. Treatment - analgesics, antibiotics, NSAIDs, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering drugs, neuroprotectors, physiotherapy, surgery.
Pain in the right hypochondrium occurs with diseases of the hepatobiliary zone: biliary dyskinesia, acute and chronic cholecystitis, hepatitis and parasitic infections. Less commonly, a symptom occurs with cirrhosis and malignant tumors of the liver. Discomfort in the hypochondrium occurs with hemolytic anemia, heart failure, and also as a variant of radiating pain. The standard diagnostic plan includes ultrasound and X-ray examination, ERCP, duodenal sounding. For therapeutic purposes, a diet, antispasmodics, cholekinetics, antibiotics and antiviral agents, and surgical procedures are used.
Pain in the crown occurs with disorders of cerebral circulation, intracranial hypertension, meningitis, encephalitis, arachnoiditis, traumatic injuries of the head and neck, otolaryngological diseases, their intracranial complications. It is observed with muscle lesions, diseases of the spine, infections, intoxications, vegetative-vascular, neurotic disorders. More often pressing or bursting, it can be pulsating, twitching, aching. It is diagnosed on the basis of complaints, anamnesis data, general examination, otolaryngological and neurological examination, additional methods. Painkillers, NSAIDs, antibiotics, nootropics, neurometabolites, and other agents are used for treatment.
Pain in the entire head is observed with vascular disorders, intracranial hypertension, meningitis, encephalitis, arachnoiditis, traumatic injuries, general infections, exogenous intoxications, mental disorders. Physiological causes are stuffiness, lack of sleep, stress, changing weather conditions. The pain can be pressing, bursting, aching, throbbing, dull, sharp, short-lived or persisting for a long time. NSAIDs, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antiallergic and other drugs, physiotherapy techniques, and surgical interventions are used in the treatment.
Pain throughout the abdomen is observed with SIBO, intestinal infections and parasitic invasions, acute surgical pathology (peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal infarction). Less often, the symptom occurs in ketoacidosis, anaphylactic shock, and also as a complication of pharmacotherapy. The diagnostic plan for abdominal pain involves the implementation of ultrasound, x-ray, laparoscopic studies. Blood and stool tests are done. Treatment includes diet therapy, medicines - probiotics, enterosorbents, antibiotics. According to indications, surgical intervention is prescribed.
Watery diarrhea is repeated (up to 15-20 times a day) defecation, which is accompanied by the release of loose loose stools. Usually the symptom is combined with other dyspeptic disorders: vomiting, cramps, abdominal pain. Diarrhea with water is most often associated with intestinal infections, but can be observed with non-infectious intestinal pathologies, enzyme deficiency. To establish the causes of diarrhea, ultrasound, x-rays, endoscopy, and laboratory tests are used. To stop diarrhea, adsorbents, enveloping and astringent preparations are used.
Hyperalgesia is an increased sensitivity to pain. It is found in phantom pains, myelopathy, causalgia, syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, tunnel syndromes, polyneuropathies and local damage to peripheral nerves of various origins. It is detected in some mental illnesses, including depression and somatoform disorders. The determination of the cause of hyperalgesia is carried out on the basis of complaints, neurological examination data, ENMG, evoked potentials, imaging and laboratory techniques. Treatment - analgesics, muscle relaxants, blockades, physiotherapy, surgical operations.
Headache is an unpleasant or painful sensation of varying intensity, covering the entire head or part of it. It can be prolonged, paroxysmal, dull, acute, pulsating, bursting. It is observed with migraine, provoked by vascular disorders, injuries, increased intracranial pressure, infections, intoxications and other causes. The etiology of cephalgia is established on the basis of survey data, neurological examination, hardware and laboratory techniques. Treatment is carried out using medicines and physiotherapy methods. Sometimes surgery is required.
Coarseness of facial features is detected with acromegaly, mucopolysaccharidoses, progressive leprosy. Some coarseness of features can be seen with the development of the viril syndrome during the period of growth, chronic alcoholism. Isolated coarsening of the nose is observed in patients with rhinophyma. To determine the cause of the symptom, a survey, physical examination, MRI, x-ray, hormone tests, and other laboratory tests are carried out. Treatment may include the appointment of hormonal agents and other drugs, surgical interventions.
Pyuria is the release of a large number of leukocytes, bacteria, necrotic cells of the urinary tract epithelium. It is observed in infectious and inflammatory diseases, purulent processes with damage to the urinary system and genital organs. Found in sepsis. It is detected by the results of a clinical analysis of urine, a three-glass sample. To determine the pathogen, bacterioscopy and urine culture are performed. Ultrasound, X-ray and endoscopic techniques are used to clarify the diagnosis. Treatment includes surgery, antibiotic therapy, physiotherapy.
Diarrhea (diarrhea) - rapid, repeated loose stools. Diarrhea is usually accompanied by pain, rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, tenesmus. Diarrhea is a symptom of many infectious diseases and inflammatory processes of the intestine, dysbacteriosis, and neurogenic disorders. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease plays an important role in the prevention of complications. The loss of a large amount of fluid during profuse diarrhea leads to a violation of the water-salt balance and can cause heart and kidney failure.
Sweating (hyperhidrosis) is an increased sweating, often with a sharp unpleasant odor, which is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Hyperhidrosis occurs with lesions of the peripheral and central parts of the nervous system that regulate sweating, hormonal failures, exogenous intoxication. To determine the cause of excessive sweating, special tests and a neurological examination are performed, and the hormonal profile is examined. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, sedatives, methods of physiotherapy and psychotherapy are used.
Photophobia accompanies some primary, secondary cephalgia, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral circulatory disorders, general infections, injuries, inflammatory and non-inflammatory eye diseases. In case of neurological pathologies, it can be combined with general cerebral and focal symptoms, with infections - with intoxication syndrome, with eye diseases - with lacrimation, blurred vision. To determine the cause of photophobia, data from a survey, neurological and ophthalmological examination, and additional studies are used. Treatment - antimicrobial and antihistamines, immunomodulators, surgical interventions.
Acceleration of movements (tachykinesia) is observed in hyperactivity syndrome, bipolar disorder, delirious disorder, schizophrenia and neuroleptic syndrome. Accompanied by impatience and restlessness, which decrease against the background of physical activity. To determine the cause of the symptom, the patient is interviewed, they talk with relatives, study the anamnesis of life and disease, and according to indications, instrumental and laboratory tests are prescribed. Treatment is neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, other drugs, psychotherapy, sometimes ECT.
Chyluria is the presence of an admixture of lymph in the urine. In appearance, urine resembles diluted milk, sometimes with a pinkish tint. A laboratory symptom occurs when there is an abnormal communication between the urinary and lymphatic tracts. It is detected with filariasis, compression of the lymphatic ducts by tumors, post-traumatic and post-tuberculosis scars, inflammatory infiltrates. Chyluria is determined by the results of a general urine test. To determine the cause of the violation, microscopy of a blood smear for filariae is prescribed, imaging techniques for examining the condition of the kidneys and urinary tract.