Apathy is a symptom or a temporary mental state characterized by indifference, emotional coldness, indifference. It is manifested by indifference, detachment from what is happening, lack of motivation for any activity, decrease in emotions, slowness of actions. Diagnosis depends on the cause of apathy, the main methods are clinical conversation, observation, psychological testing. In addition, an examination by a neurologist, instrumental studies of the brain are prescribed. Symptomatic methods of treatment include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, daily regimen correction.
Asymmetry of the nasolabial folds is a sign of a number of neurological diseases, occurs in some dental pathologies, and may be the result of aesthetic operations, cosmetic manipulations. The difference in depth and angles of inclination of the folds ranges from insignificant to pronounced. Pathology is often observed simultaneously with other types of facial asymmetry. The reason for the violation of the symmetry of the nasolabial folds is determined according to the survey, neurological examination, imaging and electrophysiological techniques. Treatment prior to diagnosis is not indicated.
Pain in the temples occurs with migraine, hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, trauma, intoxication syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, temporal arteritis, pheochromocytoma, cluster headache and tension headache. Pain sensations can be prolonged, paroxysmal, sharp, dull, pulsating, pressing, shooting, aching, burning. The reason is established according to the survey, examination, laboratory and instrumental techniques. Treatment - analgesics, anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, blockades, surgical interventions.
Hemiparetic gait is formed as a result of organic lesions of the central nervous system, is detected after a stroke, TBI, encephalitis, purulent lesions of the brain. It develops with tumors, parasitosis, toxic, demyelinating and degenerative-atrophic processes. The cause of the occurrence is established according to the anamnesis, general and neurological examination, echoencephalography, CT, MRI, laboratory tests, and other studies. At the initial stage of development of hemiparesis, pathogenetic and symptomatic measures are taken, followed by rehabilitation.
Headache is an unpleasant or painful sensation of varying intensity, covering the entire head or part of it. It can be prolonged, paroxysmal, dull, acute, pulsating, bursting. It is observed with migraine, provoked by vascular disorders, injuries, increased intracranial pressure, infections, intoxications and other causes. The etiology of cephalgia is established on the basis of survey data, neurological examination, hardware and laboratory techniques. Treatment is carried out using medicines and physiotherapy methods. Sometimes surgery is required.
Violation of thermoregulation is a deviation of body temperature from normal values, which is usually accompanied by general malaise, body aches, and headaches. The symptom is caused by various reasons: external temperature factors, infectious processes, systemic inflammatory diseases, pathology of the endocrine organs, malignant tumors. To identify the etiological factor that caused thermoregulatory disorders, clinical and serological blood tests, a bacteriological method, and instrumental diagnostics are prescribed. Until the cause of the disorder is established, antipyretics are used with caution.
Numbness of the chin occurs against the background of trigeminal neuralgia, injuries and tumors. It is observed with osteochondrosis, migraine, herpes zoster, B12-deficiency anemia, mental disorders. The cause is established on the basis of data from an external examination, dental and neurological examination, radiography, MRI, CT, laboratory tests. Treatment for chin numbness includes anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, antihistamines, antibiotics, physical therapy, and surgery.
Tearfulness is the tendency of a person to cry often for little or no reason. It is manifested by increased tearfulness and emotional instability, sudden bouts of crying. Common associated symptoms are restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, depression, despondency. Tearfulness can be a character trait, a sign of a disease, or a situationally determined reaction. Diagnosis of the condition is carried out during the conversation and observation of the patient. Symptomatic therapy includes rhythmic breathing and distraction techniques, psychotherapy, antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs.
Propulsion is seen in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. It is combined with hypokinesia, freezing when walking, weakening of facial expressions, tremor, rigidity, increased muscle tone, micrography, increased postural tone, lack of hand movements during walking. The cause of propulsion is established on the basis of anamnesis, data from an objective and neurological examination, rheoencephalography, echoencephalography, CT, MRI. Treatment includes levodopa preparations, etiopathogenetic therapy of secondary parkinsonism, exercise therapy, massage, and surgical interventions.
Tonic-clonic convulsions are mixed paroxysms in which prolonged tonic spasms are replaced by rapid clonic contractions of the skeletal muscles. The causes of generalized seizures are quite extensive: epilepsy, organic pathology of the central nervous system, neuroinfections and other conditions. To verify the diagnosis, a comprehensive examination is required, including laboratory tests, tomography, and neurophysiological techniques. For the relief and therapy of convulsive syndrome, medications are used, in some cases, surgical treatment is indicated.
Tremor at rest accompanies Parkinson's disease, juvenile and secondary parkinsonism, some degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Represents involuntary oscillatory movements at rest. May be combined with other types of tremor, muscle rigidity, hypokinesia, gait disturbances, postural disorders. To determine the cause of the symptom, a neurological examination is performed, MRI, electrophysiological studies, SPECT, PET-CT are prescribed. Treatment is with antiparkinsonian drugs, sometimes including surgery.
Hand tremor is a tremulous hyperkinesis, manifested by stereotypically repeated contractions of the muscles of the hand. It can be primary or occur under the influence of a wide range of causes, in particular, metabolic or toxic damage, focal and diffuse diseases of the nervous system. Tremor is detected during neurological examination, its origin is helped to determine laboratory tests, neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods. The basis of the treatment strategy is conservative drug therapy, refractory cases require surgical intervention.