Pain in the lower abdomen in women is most often found during menstruation, the physiological or pathological course of pregnancy, adnexitis. Also, pain syndrome develops with endometriosis and neoplasms of the genital organs, diseases of the urinary and digestive systems. To detect the cause of pain, a gynecological examination, ultrasound, endoscopic and radiological diagnostic methods are prescribed. For therapeutic purposes, analgesics, antispasmodics, antibiotics, hormones, sedatives are used. Some conditions require surgery.
Navel deformities are the result of congenital malformations, occur after omphalitis, are observed with umbilical hernias, are formed during pregnancy, in conditions accompanied by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, after injuries and operations on the abdomen. May be temporary or permanent. Birth defects are sometimes combined with other developmental pathologies. The cause of the deformation is established according to the survey, external examination, ultrasonography, laboratory tests, and other studies. Treatment is often surgical.
Distortion of sounds is an acoustically abnormal pronunciation of phonemes. It is characterized by the use in speech of variants of sound pronunciation that are absent in the phonetics of the Russian language. It occurs with bilingualism, dyslalia, rhinolalia, dysarthria. Distortion of sounds is diagnosed during the examination of oral speech. Correction of incorrect sound pronunciation is carried out mainly by speech therapy methods (articulatory gymnastics, sound production, automation). Sometimes additional orthodontic correction, surgical elimination of maxillofacial anomalies, and neurological treatment are required.