Asymmetry of the face is more common in nervous diseases and dental pathologies. Less commonly, the cause of the symptom is trauma, ophthalmological, otolaryngological, congenital diseases. Violation can be static or dynamic, develop due to disorders of innervation, edema, excess or lack of tissue. Determining the cause of asymmetry is carried out using data from general, dental, neurological, otolaryngological examination, radiography, and other imaging techniques. Treatment prior to diagnosis is not indicated.
Pain in the upper jaw is provoked by injuries, purulent processes, ganglioneuritis, some dental and otolaryngological diseases, tumors, masticatory muscle pathologies, and temporal arteritis. It can be weak, intense, constant, short-term, pressing, aching, pulling, shooting, or bursting. The cause of the symptom is established based on complaints, examination data, imaging methods, and laboratory tests. Treatment is carried out using painkillers, antibiotics, local manipulations, and surgical interventions.
Pain in the ankle is a non-specific symptom that indicates the pathology of the ankle joint, the epiphyseal ends of the bones that form it, as well as ligaments, tendons and tendon sheaths. The pain syndrome can be based on a variety of causes - mechanical damage, autoimmune inflammation, malignant neoplasm, degenerative process. Pain can be aching, throbbing, burning, pulling, arching, etc., sometimes depending on external factors. Diagnosis is carried out using radiography, CT, MRI, arthroscopy, joint puncture. Until the cause is clarified, rest, the use of painkillers is recommended.
Chest pain on the left is pain sensations of a compressive, stabbing, pressing nature, which are localized in the left half of the chest. Most often, the symptom is caused by coronary and non-coronary heart diseases, pain is observed with inflammation of the left lung and pleura, collagenosis, and gastrointestinal pathology. To establish the cause of the pain syndrome, an ECG, ultrasound of the heart, chest x-ray, clinical and bacteriological studies are performed, and invasive diagnostic methods are used. Nitroglycerin and NSAIDs are used to relieve pain, etiotropic drugs are selected after the underlying disease is identified.
Pain in the gums occurs with gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal disease, stomatitis, developing against the background of local changes or somatic diseases. It is detected with malocclusion, mechanical damage. It can be weak, intense, permanent, short-term. Often occurs when eating, brushing teeth. The cause of the symptom is determined on the basis of complaints, dental examination data and additional studies. Treatment is carried out using general and local means: antiseptics, anesthetics, analgesics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs. According to indications, dental operations are performed.
Wrist pain is a specific discomfort that indicates the presence of a pathological process in the area of the wrist joint, wrist bones, and nearby soft tissues. It can be dull, acute, constant, short-term, diffuse, local, irradiating, etc. Often associated with the time of day or physical activity. Causes of pain in the wrist are determined by the survey, physical examination, radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, arthroscopy, laboratory tests. Until the etiology of the pain syndrome is established, rest, taking analgesics is recommended.
Pain in the labia area is observed with nonspecific vulvitis and vulvovaginitis, bartholinitis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, STIs, vulvar kraurosis, vulvodynia. May be constant or intermittent. In most cases, mild or moderate, has a raw or burning character, combined with itching, pathological discharge. Less often strong, pulling, bursting. Sometimes it is supplemented by weakness, general hyperthermia. The cause of the symptom is established according to the data of a gynecological examination, the results of laboratory and hardware techniques. Treatment includes general and local etiotropic therapy, physiotherapy, hormonal agents. Sometimes surgery is indicated.
Pain in the chin occurs with traumatic injuries, local purulent processes, trigeminal neuralgia, atypical prosopalgia. In patients with dental pathologies and myositis of the cervical muscles, it has an irradiating character. It can be acute, dull, constant, short-term, growing, weak, intense, aching, twitching, arching, shooting. The cause of the symptom is established according to the survey, general and dental examination, additional studies. Treatment is carried out with the use of analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsants and other drugs. Operations are carried out according to indications.
Pain in the appendages is observed in inflammatory and purulent processes in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, cysts, benign, transitional and malignant tumors, ectopic pregnancy, fluid accumulation in the fallopian tubes, torsion or apoplexy of the ovary. It can be acute or chronic, constant, intermittent, growing, aching, pulling, pulsating. The cause of the symptom is determined on the basis of complaints, anamnesis data, the results of a gynecological examination, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures. Treatment - antibiotic therapy, oral contraceptives, vitamins, analgesics, surgical interventions.
Pain in the testicles occurs with inflammatory diseases, traumatic injuries, fluid accumulation, emergency conditions, neoplasms, purulent processes, pathologies of neighboring organs. May be provoked by sexual arousal or prolonged abstinence. It happens constant, growing, paroxysmal, sharp, dull, pulling, aching, bursting. The cause of the pathology is established on the basis of complaints, the results of a physical examination, data from hardware and laboratory studies. As part of the treatment, analgesics, antibiotics, NSAIDs, physiotherapy procedures, and operations are prescribed.
A wet cough is a cough that produces mucus or mucopurulent sputum. The symptom develops against the background of pain in the chest (thoracalgia), wheezing, signs of general intoxication of the body. This type of cough is observed in bronchitis and other bronchopulmonary pathologies, respiratory infections, heart failure. To determine the root cause of the disorder, x-rays, spirography, bronchoscopy, and laboratory tests are performed. In order to reduce discomfort, inhalations, the use of mucolytics, expectorants, and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
Hematuria is a laboratory symptom characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the urine. The causes may be inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urolithiasis, malignant neoplasms. Depending on the degree of hematuria, the color of urine can change to red, brown, "the color of meat slops", but in the vast majority of cases it remains unchanged. More than 3-5 erythrocytes in the field of view during microscopy of the urine sediment or more than 1000 in 1 ml when performing the Nechiporenko test is considered to be exceeding the norm. To correct this laboratory phenomenon, the underlying disease is treated.
Hyperbilirubinemia is an increase in the content of bilirubin in the blood more than 20.5 µmol / l. Most often it is an indicator of an infectious or inflammatory pathology of the liver, biliary tract. Also, the cause may be metabolic disorders, hemolytic anemia, and other diseases of the digestive tract. The leading clinical sign is jaundice. The remaining symptoms are determined by the underlying disease. The level of bilirubin is examined in a biochemical blood test on an empty stomach. Treatment depends on the pathology against which hyperbilirubinemia has developed.
Hyperproteinemia is an increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood plasma of more than 84 g / l. This condition can develop due to a wide range of reasons - from excessive sweating and pregnancy to various inflammatory diseases and malignant neoplasms. In itself, a high protein content has no clinical signs, with the exception of monoclonal gammopathy, in which hyperproteinemia is a key pathogenetic link in the hyperviscosity syndrome (GBS). The protein level is examined in plasma on an empty stomach. To correct this disorder, therapy of the underlying disease is necessary.
Hyperuricemia is a laboratory symptom characterized by an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood serum of more than 400 µmol / l. This condition indicates a violation of purine metabolism. The causes of hyperuricemia can be excessive consumption of meat food, medication, metabolic disorders, etc. In some cases, symptoms such as pain, redness and swelling of the joints, the formation of tophi are observed. The concentration of uric acid is measured in a biochemical blood test. To correct hyperuricemia, a diet, urate-lowering therapy is prescribed.
A deep dry cough is a periodic or persistent cough without sputum production that occurs when the lower respiratory system is irritated. Develop with infectious or non-infectious lesions of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura, pathological processes in the mediastinum. Plain chest x-ray or fluorography, serological methods, tuberculin test, bronchography, bronchoscopy, ultrasound of the mediastinum and pleura are recommended to establish the causes of the symptom. To alleviate the condition before making a diagnosis, humidification of the air, plenty of warm drink, rest with limitation of external stimuli are shown.
Itching of the penis is observed with balanitis and balanoposthitis, scabies, dermatitis and other dermatological diseases. Sometimes provoked by physiological causes. It can be slight, moderate or strong, cover the head, base or the entire penis, spread to the groin, scrotum, and other areas of the skin. The cause of the pathology is established on the basis of the results of the survey and external examination, laboratory data. Itching is treated with antihistamines and corticosteroids. Etiopathogenetic treatment includes antimicrobial agents, insecticide treatment. Operations are rarely required.
A perversion of food addictions (picacism, allotriophagy) is an uncontrolled desire by the patient to eat earth, clay, chalk, wood, plastic, dough, raw meat, and other inedible or inedible substances and objects. The disorder is detected during pregnancy, deficiency states, stress, mental illness. To establish the cause of allotriophagy, laboratory methods of research, psychological counseling, and examination by a psychiatrist are recommended. In the treatment, vitamin and mineral preparations, sedatives and psychotropic drugs are used.
Hiccups (hiccups, hiccups) is a reflex disturbance of external respiration, manifested by convulsive contractions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles with a characteristic stifled sound and a short-term sensation of holding the breath. Usually has a physiological origin. It can occur in diseases of the digestive organs, central and peripheral nervous system, diaphragm, thoracic inflammation and volumetric processes, intoxication. To determine the causes of hiccups, ultrasound, radiography, tomography of various organs, and EFI techniques are used. Often, hiccups stop on their own. At the prehospital stage, reflex methods, sedatives, tranquilizers and antipsychotics are used.
Red feces is the appearance of a reddish color of stools, which is often accompanied by pain and dyspeptic disorders. The symptom occurs with hemorrhoids, severe intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease and malignant tumors. To determine the cause of staining excrement in red, a coprogram, colonoscopy, and contrast radiography of the gastrointestinal tract are performed. To eliminate the identified pathology, antibiotics, anesthetics, and surgical methods of therapy are prescribed.
Weight fluctuations are small changes in body weight in the direction of increase or decrease that occur in a short time. Often, weight jumps are caused by natural factors: errors in the diet, fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle. Among the pathological prerequisites for weight changes, renal and cardiovascular diseases are distinguished. To verify the cause of the symptom, extended blood tests are done, the hormonal profile is assessed, and ultrasound diagnostics are used. To eliminate weight jumps, it is necessary to influence the etiological factor.
Hemoptysis (hemoptysis) is a respiratory symptom characterized by coughing up streaks or blood clots. May indicate infections and tumors of the respiratory tract, thoracic injuries, vascular lesions, systemic diseases, coagulopathy. Hemoptysis is a potentially dangerous condition, because. can develop into fatal pulmonary hemorrhage, therefore, it always requires immediate and thorough diagnosis. Topical determination of the source of bleeding includes fibrobronchoscopy, X-ray and CT of the lungs. Before the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to remain calm, lie with a raised headboard, you can take antihypertensive and antitussive drugs.
Aches in the joints are unpleasant aching, pulling sensations in the area of \u200b\u200bthe articular joints, the intensity of which sometimes reaches the degree of pain. The symptom is combined with muscle aches, weakness, weakness, crunching, limited movement and may precede joint pain (arthralgia). Articular aches are accompanied by lesions of the musculoskeletal system, infections, diseases of the hematopoietic system, and vascular pathology. To identify the cause of the disorder, laboratory tests, ultrasound, radiographic and invasive methods are used. Treatment involves the treatment of the disease that provoked the aches.
Monocytosis is a pathological condition in which there is an increase in the content of monocytes more than 1000 in 1 µl of blood. The causes are infectious, inflammatory, and oncohematological diseases. In children, infectious mononucleosis is the most common cause. There are no specific symptoms. The clinical picture is determined by the underlying pathology. The level of monocytes is examined in capillary or venous blood when calculating the leukocyte formula. To return monocytes to reference values (from 1 to 10%), the disease that served as a background for the occurrence of monocytosis is treated.
Lack of air (inspiratory dyspnea) is difficulty breathing while inhaling with a feeling of insufficient oxygen supply. May be accompanied by noisy, wheezing breathing. Occurs during pregnancy, diseases of the larynx, lungs, pleura, heart disease, emergency conditions, injuries, neuroses. To establish the causes of the disorder, chest x-ray, spirometry, ECG, laryngoscopy, and blood tests are prescribed. Prior to the diagnosis, to reduce severe shortness of breath, the patient is provided with rest, access to fresh air, and sedative herbal remedies are used.
Nocturia is a nocturnal urge to urinate. Constantly or periodically observed in diseases of the kidneys and bladder, prostate adenoma, neurological pathologies, heart failure, some endocrine diseases. Occasionally occurs with violations of the regime. The cause of the symptom is established on the basis of complaints, examination results, laboratory and hardware techniques. Treatment includes antibiotics, NSAIDs, and other medications. According to indications, endocrine disorders are corrected, surgical interventions are performed.
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is a violation of the function of external respiration, accompanied by both objective symptoms and a subjective feeling of lack of air. The development of dyspnea is caused by pathologies of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, anemia. The symptom may occur due to organic lesions of the central nervous system, neurotic disorders, metabolic disorders. To identify the cause of shortness of breath, spirometry, radiography, ECG, ultrasound, and laboratory tests are performed. To reduce symptoms, non-drug methods are used, the underlying disease is corrected.
Cheek swelling occurs with dental diseases, some types of allergies, traumatic injuries, skin, otolaryngological, endocrine, ophthalmic, neurological, and some other pathologies. More often it is unilateral, it can be local or widespread. Sometimes accompanied by pain, weakness, local and general hyperthermia. The cause of swelling is established by clarifying complaints, anamnesis of the disease, general, dental, otolaryngological or ophthalmological examination, radiography, and other methods.
Swelling of the mucous throat occurs with mechanical damage, burns, infectious diseases, neoplasms, inflammatory and purulent lesions of the ENT organs, and allergic reactions. Manifested by discomfort, sensation of a foreign body, difficulty in swallowing, pain when swallowing and turning the head, swelling, hyperemia of the mucosa. When the larynx is affected, voice changes, dry cough, and difficulty breathing are noted. For diagnosis, data from a survey, physical and endoscopic examination, radiography, and laboratory techniques are used. Until the diagnosis is clarified, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.
Elevated blood pressure is observed both in essential hypertension and in symptomatic forms of hypertension that are associated with diseases of the kidneys, central nervous system, and endocrine system. In healthy individuals, a short-term increase in pressure occurs in stressful situations, with the “white coat syndrome”. To diagnose the causes, laboratory tests are prescribed - general and biochemical blood tests, lipid and hormonal profiles, and an assessment of GFR. Instrumental methods are used - ECG, echocardiography, ultrasound of the kidneys and endocrine glands. Relief of the symptom includes lifestyle changes, antihypertensive drugs, elimination of the causes of the symptom.
Tingling of the tongue occurs when it is injured by carious teeth or prostheses, desquamative and Gunther's glossitis, xerostomia. The symptom is typical for glossodynia, glossalgia, which develop with endocrine, gastroenterological or neurological pathologies. To diagnose the causes of tingling, a dental examination, microscopic and bacteriological analysis of tongue scrapings, instrumental methods (sonography of the salivary glands, EFGDS, electromyography) are performed. Treatment involves a combination of medication (etiotropic and pathogenetic drugs) and physiotherapy techniques.
Acetone taste in the mouth is an unpleasant chemical taste in the mouth. The symptom is often combined with nausea and vomiting, a progressive deterioration in well-being. Acetone taste occurs due to fasting or long-term adherence to a strict diet, with diabetes and non-diabetic ketoacidosis, liver and kidney diseases. To establish the causes of the sensation of acetone, blood tests, ultrasound, CT, and a neurological examination are prescribed. To eliminate a specific taste in the mouth, infusions of saline solutions, hormonal preparations, and antibiotics are used.
Taste of blood in the mouth is a characteristic unpleasant taste of blood in the mouth, which is often accompanied by nausea. The symptom is observed in the pathology of the oral cavity and teeth, lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver, viral infections of the respiratory system. To determine the cause of the taste of blood, an examination of the oral cavity, x-rays, ultrasound, and laboratory tests are performed. To eliminate discomfort, therapeutic pastes and rinses with antiseptic solutions, antisecretory drugs are indicated.
Proteinuria is an increase in the concentration of protein in the urine of more than 150 mg per day. The range of etiological factors of this condition is extremely wide - from emotional stress and the common cold, accompanied by high fever, to severe kidney disease, systemic autoimmune processes and oncohematological diseases. Severe proteinuria within the framework of nephrotic syndrome is clinically manifested by peripheral edema on the face and lower extremities. There are many methods for determining protein in urine. Traditionally, a clinical urinalysis is used as the primary examination. Correction of proteinuria is carried out by treating the underlying disease.
Brokenness is a subjective feeling of fatigue, lack of strength, which is often accompanied by headaches, body aches. Malaise occurs when there is a violation of the regime of the day and an unbalanced diet, chronic fatigue syndrome, infectious diseases, somatic pathology. To find out the cause of weakness and weakness, blood counts are examined, the hormonal profile is assessed, a neurological examination, and instrumental diagnostic methods are prescribed. To eliminate malaise, physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic methods, vitamin preparations are used.
Vomiting blood is the sudden, uncontrolled discharge of bright red (hematemesis) or brown (coffee grounds) vomit through the mouth. The symptom is most characteristic of gastric ulcer, other factors include inflammatory or destructive diseases of the esophagus and gastroduodenal zone, liver damage, pathologies of the blood coagulation system, and taking certain medications. To clarify the causes of vomiting, endoscopic, radiological, ultrasound and laboratory research methods are used. Drugs are prescribed only after a clinical diagnosis has been made.
Weakness is a subjectively painful feeling of lack of energy, lack of strength for physical activity. The state of impotence is often accompanied by dizziness, fatigue and heaviness in the legs. Severe weakness occurs with food poisoning and endogenous intoxication, vitamin deficiency, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. To determine the cause of the disorder, bacteriological tests, ultrasound examination, ECG, neurological examination are carried out, various functional tests are used. In order to eliminate asthenic syndrome, methods of physiotherapy, exercise therapy, vitamin preparations and adaptogens are used.
Mucous sputum is formed in inflammatory diseases of the upper (chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis) and lower respiratory tract (hyperplastic laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and viral pneumonia). Rare causes of the symptom include the ingress of a foreign body into the bronchi, bronchopulmonary tumors, and pulmonary edema. For diagnostic purposes, it is necessary to perform chest x-ray, ENT examination and bronchoscopy, spirometry. Be sure to conduct a microscopic and bacteriological analysis of sputum mucosa. Treatment includes drugs (expectorant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory), physiotherapy, surgical techniques.
Salivation (sialorrhea, hypersalivation) is normally observed in infants, pregnant women, and also with mechanical irritation of the receptors of the oral cavity. Common etiological factors are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, teeth, ENT organs, damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. To diagnose the causes of salivation, saliva is examined, blood and urine tests are performed, instrumental visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. To stop the symptom, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease. Anticholinergics, botulinum toxin preparations are prescribed to reduce salivation.
Thrombocytosis is a pathological condition characterized by an increase in the content of platelets in the blood. The cause of this phenomenon is infectious, inflammatory or autoimmune pathologies, as well as malignant tumors of the hematopoietic system. In children, it often occurs against the background of iron deficiency anemia. The clinical picture may be different and is determined by the underlying disease. The level of platelets, as part of a complete blood count, is examined in venous or capillary blood. To correct thrombocytosis, the disease against which it developed is treated.
An increase in inguinal lymph nodes (inguinal lymphadenopathy) is an overgrowth of lymphoid tissue in the groin with the formation of palpable nodes more than 1 cm in diameter. The symptom occurs with various genitourinary infections, inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, malignant neoplasms. To clarify the cause of inguinal lymphadenopathy, an ultrasound examination and a biopsy of the lymph nodes, laboratory tests are performed. In order to reduce pain, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
Enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes (axillary lymphadenopathy) is an excessive growth of lymphoid formations in the armpits, in which palpable nodes appear more than 1 cm in diameter. The symptom is observed in inflammatory diseases and breast cancer, hemoblastoses, infectious processes. To identify the root causes of axillary lymphadenopathy, ultrasound, x-ray, cytological, and laboratory studies are performed. The appointment of medications is indicated only after the establishment of the disease that provoked lymphoid hyperplasia.