Pain in the anus is often provoked by diseases of the rectum and perianal region. It can be caused by proctitis, anal fissure, abscess, thrombosis of hemorrhoids, a foreign body, trauma, tumors, etc. Pain can be combined with itching, purulent or bloody discharge, stool disturbance, a feeling of having a foreign object. To diagnose the causes of pain in the anus, it is necessary to conduct a proctological examination, anoscopy, rectoscopy, and laboratory tests. From conservative methods of treatment, microclysters, suppositories, physiotherapy are used, from radical ones - endoscopic and open operations on the rectum and anal canal.