Anuria is a pathological condition in which the amount of urine excreted is less than 50 ml per day. It is detected in acute renal failure of various origins, in the final stage of chronic renal failure, in severe cardiovascular and multiple organ failure, various shock conditions, renal vascular thrombosis, and urolithiasis. The cause of anuria is established on the basis of anamnesis, physical examination data, hardware and laboratory techniques. Treatment includes infusion therapy, extracorporeal detoxification, drugs, surgical methods.