Anuria is a pathological condition in which the amount of urine excreted is less than 50 ml per day. It is detected in acute renal failure of various origins, in the final stage of chronic renal failure, in severe cardiovascular and multiple organ failure, various shock conditions, renal vascular thrombosis, and urolithiasis. The cause of anuria is established on the basis of anamnesis, physical examination data, hardware and laboratory techniques. Treatment includes infusion therapy, extracorporeal detoxification, drugs, surgical methods.
Pain throughout the abdomen is observed with SIBO, intestinal infections and parasitic invasions, acute surgical pathology (peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal infarction). Less often, the symptom occurs in ketoacidosis, anaphylactic shock, and also as a complication of pharmacotherapy. The diagnostic plan for abdominal pain involves the implementation of ultrasound, x-ray, laparoscopic studies. Blood and stool tests are done. Treatment includes diet therapy, medicines - probiotics, enterosorbents, antibiotics. According to indications, surgical intervention is prescribed.
Vomiting is an involuntary reflex eruption of the contents of the stomach, less often the intestines through the esophagus, pharynx, oral cavity or nasal passages. Physiologically, the gag reflex performs a protective function, ensuring the removal of toxic substances and metabolites from the body. It is observed in case of poisoning, intestinal infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cerebral pathology, acute and terminal conditions, endogenous intoxications, etc. It is diagnosed using endoscopy, ultrasound, radiography, CT, MRI of various organs and systems, electrophysiological studies, laboratory tests. To alleviate the patient's condition, sedatives and antiemetics are used.