Anxiety is a negative emotional state, expressed by a feeling of uncertainty, the expectation of bad events. It manifests itself internally as a feeling of anxiety, an experience of excitement, and an unpleasant foreboding of impending disaster. External signs of anxiety - absent-mindedness, restlessness, obsessive movements, a suffering facial expression. A survey, observation, and psychodiagnostic tests are used for diagnosis: questionnaires, and projective techniques. Symptomatic care includes psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and relaxation techniques.
Pain in the knee is a sign of pathological processes affecting the cartilage, bone or soft tissue structures of the femoral-tibial and femoral-patellar joints. Arthralgia can be based on injuries, inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the articular apparatus and periarticular structures. Patients may complain of sharp, aching, burning, throbbing and other types of pain that occur at rest or when moving, supporting, bending and unbending the leg at the knee. Diagnosis of causative pathology includes methods of instrumental imaging (Rg, ultrasound, CT or MRI, arthroscopy), puncture of the articular bag, biochemical and immunological analyzes. Until the diagnosis is clarified, rest, joint immobilization, NSAIDs and analgesics are recommended.
Tenesmus is a painful urge to defecate, which is usually ineffective, sometimes may be accompanied by the discharge of a small amount of feces, bloody or mucous discharge. Painful contractions of the rectal muscles most often indicate a pathology of the digestive tract or genitourinary system. In order to identify the causes of tenesmus, a physical examination, radiological methods, endoscopy, ultrasound, and laboratory tests are used. To reduce discomfort, antispasmodics, microclysters with medicinal and herbal remedies are used.
Belching during pregnancy is the release of gastric gases in a pregnant woman with a characteristic sound, which occurs due to contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach with an open cardiac sphincter. The symptom is often caused by physiological causes: hormonal changes, errors in diet, physical inactivity, but may also indicate the presence of a disease. To identify the root cause of erection during gestation, safe studies are prescribed - ultrasound, tests, pH-metry. To reduce belching, non-drug methods, prokinetics, and sedatives are used.
Diarrhea (diarrhea) - rapid, repeated loose stools. Diarrhea is usually accompanied by pain, rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, tenesmus. Diarrhea is a symptom of many infectious diseases and inflammatory processes of the intestine, dysbacteriosis, and neurogenic disorders. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease plays an important role in the prevention of complications. The loss of a large amount of fluid during profuse diarrhea leads to a violation of the water-salt balance and can cause heart and kidney failure.