Allodynia is the appearance of pain when exposed to stimuli that normally do not cause pain. It is noted in causalgia, neuropathies and polyneuropathies, herpes zoster, multiple sclerosis, migraine, condition after spinal cord injuries, strokes, spinal operations. To establish the cause of allodynia, data from a survey, general and neurological examination, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and laboratory studies are used. Treatment - analgesics, blockade with anesthetics, vitamins, antidepressants, physiotherapy techniques. Surgery is sometimes recommended.
Dysprosody is a disorder of intonational, rhythmic, melodic characteristics of speech production. If the prosodic components are violated, speech becomes monotonous, hypophonic, arrhythmic, devoid of emotional coloring and expressiveness. Dysprosody is present in the clinic of dysarthria, rhinolalia, tempo-rhythmic disorders, Parkinson's disease, foreign accent syndrome. Diagnostic tactics involves a neurological, psychological, psychiatric, speech therapy examination. Treatment is carried out with medication, psychotherapy, physiotherapy. Additionally, speech therapy is needed.
Tearfulness is the tendency of a person to cry often for little or no reason. It is manifested by increased tearfulness and emotional instability, sudden bouts of crying. Common associated symptoms are restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, depression, despondency. Tearfulness can be a character trait, a sign of a disease, or a situationally determined reaction. Diagnosis of the condition is carried out during the conversation and observation of the patient. Symptomatic therapy includes rhythmic breathing and distraction techniques, psychotherapy, antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs.
Elevated blood pressure is observed both in essential hypertension and in symptomatic forms of hypertension that are associated with diseases of the kidneys, central nervous system, and endocrine system. In healthy individuals, a short-term increase in pressure occurs in stressful situations, with the “white coat syndrome”. To diagnose the causes, laboratory tests are prescribed - general and biochemical blood tests, lipid and hormonal profiles, and an assessment of GFR. Instrumental methods are used - ECG, echocardiography, ultrasound of the kidneys and endocrine glands. Relief of the symptom includes lifestyle changes, antihypertensive drugs, elimination of the causes of the symptom.