Anuria is a pathological condition in which the amount of urine excreted is less than 50 ml per day. It is detected in acute renal failure of various origins, in the final stage of chronic renal failure, in severe cardiovascular and multiple organ failure, various shock conditions, renal vascular thrombosis, and urolithiasis. The cause of anuria is established on the basis of anamnesis, physical examination data, hardware and laboratory techniques. Treatment includes infusion therapy, extracorporeal detoxification, drugs, surgical methods.
Chest pain on the left is pain sensations of a compressive, stabbing, pressing nature, which are localized in the left half of the chest. Most often, the symptom is caused by coronary and non-coronary heart diseases, pain is observed with inflammation of the left lung and pleura, collagenosis, and gastrointestinal pathology. To establish the cause of the pain syndrome, an ECG, ultrasound of the heart, chest x-ray, clinical and bacteriological studies are performed, and invasive diagnostic methods are used. Nitroglycerin and NSAIDs are used to relieve pain, etiotropic drugs are selected after the underlying disease is identified.
Abdominal pain is a symptom typical of a number of gastroenterological, surgical, gynecological, urological, proctological, and infectious diseases. In addition, reflected abdominal pain can occur with diseases of the spine, organs of the chest cavity. For the purpose of differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, laboratory, radiological, ultrasound, endoscopic, minimally invasive surgical methods are used. Treatment is selected taking into account the root cause: in some cases it is conservative, medical, in others - operational (planned or emergency).
Pain in the elbow joint is a specific discomfort that indicates the presence of a pathological process in the joint itself or surrounding tissues. Often accompanied by swelling, can be combined with hyperemia, hyperthermia, and other symptoms. It can be diffuse, localized, superficial, deep, dull or acute. It varies from mild to unbearable, sometimes depending on the weather, physical activity or time of day. To determine the cause of pain, radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, arthroscopy, and laboratory tests are used. NSAIDs, analgesics, physiotherapy procedures are used for relief.
Pain in the lower jaw is observed with periostitis, osteomyelitis, maxillary abscess, fractures, tumors. It is provoked by some dental pathologies, bruxism, neuralgia, coronary artery disease. It can be constant, intermittent, strong, non-intense, dull, sharp, pressing, aching, bursting, twitching. The cause is determined based on the results of the survey, general and dental examination, imaging, electrophysiological, laboratory techniques. Therapy includes analgesics, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and other medications. Sometimes operations are performed.
Pain in the heart occurs due to cardiac and non-cardiac causes. The most common pathologies accompanied by pain syndrome: angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, arrhythmias. The symptom is characteristic of myocarditis and pericarditis, rheumatism, cardiomyopathy. Extracardiac factors - cardioneurosis, osteochondrosis, GERD, etc. For diagnosis, instrumental techniques are performed (ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography), laboratory tests (lipid profile, assessment of acute phase parameters, study of markers of myocardial necrosis). To stop pain in the heart, treatment of the underlying disease is necessary.
Back pain is painful or painful sensations in the subscapular and interscapular regions, the spinal column, coccyx, sacrum, buttocks and anus, indicating the presence of medical problems in a particular area. They can be strong or insignificant, local, widespread or radiating, long-term or short-term, increasing, weakening or undulating, constant or paroxysmal. Occur under certain conditions (long stay in one position, excessive load) or without connection with external events.
Visceral pain is the most common symptom of diseases of the heart, stomach, gallbladder, intestines, kidneys and other internal organs. Pain syndromes are different in localization, duration, intensity, subjective sensations. Studying the nature of the pain can provide the clinician with valuable information for making a preliminary diagnosis. The causes of the pain syndrome are clarified with the help of physical and instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray, tomography). Pain relief is carried out with non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics, antispasmodics.
Heart failure periodically occurs in healthy people under the influence of stress or meteorological factors. Pathological causes: symptom - rhythm and conduction disturbances (extrasystole, AV blockade, bradycardia), vegetovascular dystonia, taking certain cardiotropic drugs. For diagnosis, instrumental methods are used - EchoCG, ECG, MRI and radiography, laboratory studies - assessment of markers of myocardial necrosis, analysis of acute phase parameters, lipid profile. Antiarrhythmic, metabolic, anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve the condition.
Foot numbness most often occurs with neurological and vascular pathologies, diabetes mellitus. Sometimes the cause of the symptom is trauma, angiotrophoneurosis, mental disorders. Numbness can be temporary or permanent, cover one or both feet, combined with pain, paresthesia, walking disorders. The nature of the disease is established on the basis of survey data, general and neurological examination, ultrasound and electrophysiological techniques, and other studies. Treatment includes antispasmodics, B vitamins, anticoagulants, blockades, physiotherapy.
Tingling in the chest is mainly caused by neurological (cardioneurosis, masked depression, intercostal neuralgia) and cardiac factors (arrhythmias, ischemic and inflammatory processes in the heart). Less commonly, a symptom is provoked by pathologies of the bronchopulmonary and digestive systems. In women, tingling is possible with diseases of the mammary glands. The diagnostic complex includes ultrasonic, X-ray and electrophysiological methods, laboratory tests. For the relief of stabbing pains, medications and physiotherapeutic agents are used, less often minimally invasive and surgical interventions are used.
Tingling in the region of the heart is often caused by non-cardiac causes - stress, neurosis, intercostal neuralgia, thoracic osteochondrosis. Cardiac etiological factors of stabbing pains are myocarditis, angina pectoris, arrhythmias. To establish the cause of the symptom, an instrumental examination is performed, which includes ECG, echocardiography, MRI and plain radiography. Diagnosis of non-cardiac conditions requires an assessment of neurological status, ENMG. Anti-inflammatory, sedative, antiarrhythmic drugs help to stop pain in the precordial region. Methods of physiotherapy and psychotherapy are applied.
Severe dizziness can be constant or paroxysmal, occurs with vestibular neuronitis, pathologies of the inner ear, cerebrovascular accidents, idiopathic vestibular insufficiency, some cardiac pathologies, intoxication, severe anemia, panic attacks. It is diagnosed on the basis of survey data, neurological examination, studies of the vestibular apparatus, imaging, laboratory techniques. Treatment includes neuroprotective agents, vascular agents, analgesics, anticonvulsants, and other drugs. Some patients require surgery.
Heaviness in the chest appears with psycho-emotional disorders (stress, panic, depression), diseases of the circulatory system (CHD, pericarditis and myocarditis, cardiomyopathy), respiration (pneumonia, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis). Diagnostic search includes standard instrumental methods: ECG and Holter monitoring, echocardiography, chest x-ray. To clarify what caused the heaviness in the chest area, they also carry out invasive diagnostics - coronary angiography, puncture, scintigraphy. Relief of symptoms is usually performed by medical methods, surgical interventions are less often used.
An increase in the number of movements is observed in mental and narcological diseases. It is detected in mania, anxiety spectrum disorders, delirium, dementia, alcohol dependence, cocaine addiction and opium addiction. Often combined with psycho-emotional arousal, sometimes with agitation. The cause is established on the basis of complaints, anamnesis data, and the results of special tests. If an organic etiology is suspected, instrumental and laboratory studies are carried out. Treatment - psychotherapy, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, complex addiction therapy.
An increase in the volume of the abdomen is noted during pregnancy, occurs due to diseases of the digestive system, female genital organs. It is observed in some cardiovascular, endocrine, childhood diseases. It is formed against the background of fetal growth, the appearance of fatty deposits, the progression of tumors, an increase in the size of parenchymal or stretching of hollow organs, extraorganic fluid accumulation. The cause is determined according to the examination, ultrasound, radiography, other instrumental and laboratory studies.