Apathy is a symptom or a temporary mental state characterized by indifference, emotional coldness, indifference. It is manifested by indifference, detachment from what is happening, lack of motivation for any activity, decrease in emotions, slowness of actions. Diagnosis depends on the cause of apathy, the main methods are clinical conversation, observation, psychological testing. In addition, an examination by a neurologist, instrumental studies of the brain are prescribed. Symptomatic methods of treatment include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, daily regimen correction.
Burning in the chest develops with gastroenterological (GERD, achalasia of the cardia), cardiological (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction), pulmonary diseases (bronchitis, pleurisy, pulmonary bleeding). The symptom occurs with intercostal neuralgia, and also as a component of a panic attack. To determine the cause of burning in the chest, tests are prescribed (hemogram, blood biochemistry, myocardial markers), instrumental methods - ECG and EchoCG, X-ray and CT of the chest, endoscopic visualization of the esophagus. Relief of burning pains includes antacids, antisecretory drugs, nitrovasodilators, antianginal drugs.
A limited vocabulary is typical for children with general underdevelopment of speech and intellectual disabilities, patients with encephalopathies of various origins, dementia, aphasia, epilepsy, mental disorders. Limited vocabulary does not allow you to fully express your thoughts, answer questions in detail, and communicate with others. Diagnostics has two vectors: establishing the cause of a depleted vocabulary (MRI of the brain, EEG, pathopsychological testing) and qualitative and quantitative assessment of vocabulary (speech therapy examination). Expansion of vocabulary is carried out against the background of therapy for the underlying disease.
Weakness is a subjectively painful feeling of lack of energy, lack of strength for physical activity. The state of impotence is often accompanied by dizziness, fatigue and heaviness in the legs. Severe weakness occurs with food poisoning and endogenous intoxication, vitamin deficiency, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. To determine the cause of the disorder, bacteriological tests, ultrasound examination, ECG, neurological examination are carried out, various functional tests are used. In order to eliminate asthenic syndrome, methods of physiotherapy, exercise therapy, vitamin preparations and adaptogens are used.
Heaviness in the hands occurs with fatigue and prolonged physical exertion, as well as under the influence of pathological causes: arthritis, arthrosis or osteochondrosis, dermatomyositis, vascular lesions (venous thrombosis, lymphostasis). Less commonly, the symptom occurs in occupational nervosa. Diagnostic search includes instrumental methods: radiography and CT of the hand, ultrasound of the vessels of the hands and lymphoscintigraphy, ENMG. Laboratory methods help clarify the diagnosis. To stop discomfort, etiotropic drug therapy, physiotherapy (mud therapy, electrotherapy, massage), and surgical interventions are prescribed.
Increased emotional lability is a psychopathological symptom characterized by the ease of developing an affective reaction in response to mild to moderate stimuli. Patients are characterized by tearfulness, fearfulness, outbursts of irritation and anger, embarrassment, an open demonstration of joy. The mood is changeable, emotions are expressed, at the peak of experiences, self-control and the ability to objectively assess the situation are reduced. The main diagnostics is carried out by a psychiatrist, the method of conversation, observation and psychological testing is used. Treatment includes individual and group psychotherapy, family counseling, drug correction.