Pain in the upper abdomen (epigastrium) develops with many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: intestinal infections, gastritis, and peptic ulcer, pathologies of the organs of the pancreatobiliary zone. Some extra-abdominal causes include lower lobe pneumonia, intercostal neuralgia, and lesions of the abdominal aorta and its branches. For diagnostic purposes, a complex of instrumental studies (ultrasound, radiography and CT, endoscopy) is carried out in combination with analyzes and functional methods. To stop the pain, analgesics, antispasmodics and antisecretory drugs are used. A different treatment regimen is selected taking into account the underlying pathology.
Belching during pregnancy is the release of gastric gases in a pregnant woman with a characteristic sound, which occurs due to contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach with an open cardiac sphincter. The symptom is often caused by physiological causes: hormonal changes, errors in diet, physical inactivity, but may also indicate the presence of a disease. To identify the root cause of erection during gestation, safe studies are prescribed - ultrasound, tests, pH-metry. To reduce belching, non-drug methods, prokinetics, and sedatives are used.