Chest pain (thoracalgia) is pain in the chest of varying nature and intensity. Soreness often radiates to the arm, shoulder blade, collarbone. The symptom occurs during pathological processes in the lungs, mediastinal organs, with damage to the heart, neuromuscular apparatus. Sometimes the chest hurts in diseases of the abdominal organs. To establish the cause of thoracalgia, ultrasound and X-ray of the chest organs, EGDS are performed, the abdominal cavity is examined, and laboratory tests are prescribed. To relieve pain, analgesics, NSAIDs, physiotherapy methods are used.
Pain in the intestine occurs with a functional disorder - irritable bowel syndrome, common organic diseases - intestinal infections, chronic enteritis and enterocolitis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Less commonly, symptoms indicate neoplasms, diverticula, acute surgical pathology. To diagnose the causes of pain in the intestines, laboratory tests, ultrasound, endoscopic, x-ray methods are used. For the treatment of pain, diet therapy, drugs (antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics), and surgical methods are used.
Pain in the collarbone is a specific discomfort in the shoulder girdle, caused by the pathology of the collarbone itself, the surrounding soft tissues, and distant organs. It can be sharp, dull, constant, periodic, aching, breaking, stabbing, pressing, tearing. In some cases, there is a connection with weather conditions, exacerbation of chronic diseases, and other factors. To determine the cause of pain, radiography, CT, MRI, and other studies are prescribed. Until the diagnosis is established, rest is recommended, sometimes we can take painkillers, apply gels, ointments.
Pain in the left side is observed with constipation, IBS, inflammatory (sigmoiditis, UC, diverticulitis) and neoplastic diseases of the intestine. Pain in the left flank and iliac region is characteristic of intestinal infections, chronic pancreatitis, hernias. Women are worried about pain in pathologies of the genital organs. To diagnose the causes of pain, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic and ultrasound methods are prescribed. Therapeutic measures include diet selection, probiotics and enzymes, laxatives, NSAIDs and antispasmodics. In complicated forms of gastroenterological diseases, surgical intervention is performed.
Neck pain (cervicalgia) is a pain sensation of a different nature and intensity that occurs in the cervical region. The symptom is accompanied by dizziness, numbness of the neck or arm, local redness and swelling of the skin. The neck can hurt with infectious and inflammatory diseases of this area, injuries and degenerative processes in the spine, after a long stay in a forced uncomfortable position. To determine the cause of pain in the neck, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and laboratory tests are prescribed. To stop the symptom, analgesics, NSAIDs, and physiotherapy methods are used.
Vaginal discharge (leucorrhoea) is the appearance of a liquid or thick discharge of various colors from the genital tract of a woman, often with an unpleasant odor. The symptom may be accompanied by intense itching of the vulva, the vestibule of the vagina, pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, discomfort during sexual intercourse. Whites are found in genital infections, diseases of the uterus and appendages, injuries of the genital organs. To determine the cause of the discharge, a gynecological examination, bacteriological analysis of the discharge, and instrumental methods are necessary. To eliminate leucorrhea, the underlying disease is treated.
Purulent discharge from the nipples - yellow-green discharge with an unpleasant odor from one or two mammary glands. The symptom is accompanied by sharp pains in the chest, local redness and swelling of the skin, fever. The main cause of purulent discharge is various forms of mastitis and their complications, suppuration from the nipples is also observed with areola boils, chest injuries. To identify the cause of the condition, ultrasound, mammography, and bacteriological culture of the discharge are performed. To relieve symptoms, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs are used.
Dysesthesia is an abnormal sensation of pain, itching, burning, or other discomfort that occurs spontaneously or under the influence of stimuli. It is observed in neuropathies, polyneuropathies, fibromyalgia, radicular syndrome, transverse myelitis, and some other diseases. The cause of occurrence is established on the basis of complaints, medical history, data from electrophysiological, imaging and laboratory methods. Treatment - NSAIDs, antibacterial agents, neurometabolites, physiotherapy. Some patients require surgery.
Heat in the whole body without temperature occurs after taking spicy food and alcohol, with severe stress and excitement, in women during PMS and menopause. The pathological causes of the symptom include VVD and hypertension, thyroid damage, and diseases of the central nervous system. The examination includes a standard examination by a neurologist, instrumental methods (ECG, echocardiography, EEG, brain CT), laboratory tests. Treatment consists in the normalization of lifestyle and nutrition, the use of psychotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic techniques. Medications are prescribed after identifying the cause of the disorder. In case of tumor processes, surgical interventions are performed.
Constipation in the elderly is a violation of the stool in patients 60 years of age and older, in which the frequency of bowel movements is less than 3 times a week or bowel movements require additional effort. The symptom is often caused by natural age-related changes in the intestinal wall, but can also be caused by organic diseases of the digestive tract. To determine the causes of constipation, ultrasound, X-ray and endoscopic examination, laboratory tests are performed. To normalize the condition, older people are prescribed herbal decoctions, osmotic laxatives, rectal suppositories.
Bloody discharge from the vagina is the appearance of brown, brownish or sanious discharge from the female genital tract. The symptom is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, general weakness, and sometimes fever. Bloody discharge normally occurs in the early postpartum period, a connection with the pathology of pregnancy, inflammatory diseases, neoplasms, genital injuries is possible. To establish the cause that caused spotting, ultrasound, gynecological examination, colposcopy, and tests are performed. To stop the bleeding or bleeding, therapy of the underlying disease is necessary.
Bloody discharge from the nipples is the appearance of red or brownish discharge from the breast, which is more often unilateral. The symptom is accompanied by pain in the chest on the side of the lesion, ulceration of the areolar region. Bloody discharge is observed after trauma to the mammary glands, with benign and malignant neoplasms. To identify the cause, ultrasound of the mammary glands, mammography, ductography, tissue biopsy with cytomorphological analysis of the material are performed. With complaints about the release of blood from the chest, the leading is the therapy of the underlying disease.
A barking cough is a bout of unproductive coughing with a characteristic loud sound that resembles a dog's barking. The symptom is often accompanied by sore throat, hoarseness of voice, a decrease in its sonority up to complete disappearance (aphonia). The most common causes of such a cough are laryngitis, true and false croup, tracheal diseases, and some SARS. To determine the cause, laryngoscopy, chest x-ray, spirography, laboratory tests are performed. To alleviate the patient's condition, mucolytics, expectorants, antitussive drugs, and physiotherapy are used.
Body aches is a symptom characterized by moderate pain in the legs, arms, and the whole body, which bring severe discomfort and reduce performance. The manifestation is observed in the prodromal stage of infectious diseases, with injuries and degenerative lesions of the musculoskeletal system, oncological and autoimmune pathology. To determine the cause of aches, ultrasound and x-ray diagnostics, laboratory tests, and arthroscopy are prescribed. To stop the symptom, a complex of medical and physiotherapeutic methods is used.
Breast engorgement can be physiological or pathological. It is detected during periods of hormonal changes, may indicate the presence of endocrine disorders, accompanies some diseases of the breast. In newborns, it is found during a sexual crisis. It is manifested by swelling, soreness, hardening of the nipples and mammary gland. The cause of engorgement is determined on the basis of survey data, general and gynecological examination, ultrasound results, endoscopic techniques, and laboratory tests. Self-medication until the cause is clarified is not shown.
Generalized sweating (generalized hyperhidrosis) is increased sweating over the entire surface of the body. The disorder may be accompanied by weakness, redness of the skin, and an increase in general temperature. The most common causes of hyperhidrosis are menopause and other endocrine disorders, prolonged infectious diseases, and poisoning. To establish the origin of general sweating, quantitative and qualitative tests, instrumental imaging methods, and laboratory tests are carried out. The elimination of unpleasant symptoms consists in the treatment of the underlying pathology.
Numbness of the tongue is noted with glossalgia, glossodynia, desquamative glossitis, injuries, tumors, and inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial zone. Sometimes it occurs as a result of taking medications, medical manipulations, parasitosis, neurological diseases, mental disorders. It may be temporary or permanent, covering all or part of the language. To establish the causes of numbness, a survey, dental examination, ultrasound, electromyography, microscopy and bacteriological examination of the tongue scraping are prescribed. In the treatment, sedative and anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, antihistamines are used.
Swelling of the neck occurs with infectious, endocrine, allergic, otolaryngological, dental diseases, traumatic injuries, and some somatic pathologies. It can be acute, chronic, unilateral or bilateral, localized or widespread. Sometimes it is combined with pain, local hyperemia, hyperthermia, fever, symptoms of intoxication. The cause of the swelling is established using the data of the survey, external examination, ultrasound, radiography, otolaryngological techniques, laboratory tests. Rest is recommended until the diagnosis is made.
Foamy stools are liquid stools with a large number of air bubbles and a sharp, fetid odor. The symptom is sometimes accompanied by pain and pain in the abdomen, flatulence. As a variant of the norm, such a chair is more often observed in infants. In older children and adults, the disorder occurs with nutritional errors, may be due to diseases of the digestive system. To determine the root cause of the appearance of foamy feces, a coprogram, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, endoscopy and radiography are performed. To normalize the stool, enterosorbents, probiotics, and antidiarrheal drugs are used.
Increased tactile sensitivity (hyperesthesia) is characterized by heightened perception when exposed to stimuli. It is observed in mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, ganglionitis, ganglioneuritis, causalgia, erythromelalgia, meningeal syndrome, and some other neurological, rheumatic and infectious diseases. The cause is determined by the results of the conversation, neurological examination, electromyography, cerebral MRI, laboratory tests and other studies. Treatment includes analgesics, antimicrobial agents, antispasmodics, ganglion blockers, and other drugs. Conduct physiotherapy. In some cases, operations are performed.
Loss of smell (anosmia) is the complete loss of the sense of smell. The symptom is physiological in the elderly, but more often olfactory disorders occur in smokers, with various diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and pathologies of the brain. To establish the root cause of anosmia, olfactometry, examination of ENT organs, X-ray and tomographic methods of brain imaging, and laboratory tests are used. Medications are prescribed taking into account the underlying disease after diagnostic measures.
Sweating of the face and head (cranial hyperhidrosis) is excessive sweating in the affected area. Sweating is often accompanied by local reddening of the skin and a feeling of heat, other symptoms depend on the cause of sweating. Hyperhidrosis can be caused by stress and nightmares, pathologies of the brain and peripheral nerves, hypertension. To determine the cause of increased sweating, a neurological examination with EEG and electroneurography, radiography, functional tests, and laboratory tests are performed. The relief of unpleasant symptoms is the treatment of the underlying disease.
Mucopurulent sputum is a symptom of common diseases of the respiratory system: tracheobronchitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia. The symptom is often found in tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congenital anomalies in the development of the respiratory system. Rare causes of mucopurulent sputum: chronic lung abscesses, actinomycosis, malignant tumors. The diagnostic plan includes X-ray and endoscopic methods, the study of respiratory function, laboratory tests of sputum and blood. Treatment includes antibiotics, anti-tuberculosis drugs, expectorants, and bronchodilators.
Heaviness in the abdomen periodically occurs when overeating, but more often worries about diseases of the stomach (hypoacid gastritis, pyloric stenosis, cancer), intestines (enteritis, colitis, UC and Crohn's disease). The symptom develops with damage to the pancreas, liver, biliary tract. Diagnosis includes ultrasonic, endoscopic and X-ray methods of research, laboratory tests of blood and feces. To relieve painful sensations, prokinetics and enzymes are prescribed. Treatment of the underlying pathology involves taking choleretic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, performing surgical interventions.
Noise in the ears (tinnitus) is a symptom in which a person hears extraneous sounds (crackling, ringing, hum) in the absence of their obvious source. There are several etiological factors of this condition: exposure to loud sounds, diseases and tumors of the hearing organ, hypertension and other vascular disorders. To determine the cause of tinnitus, audiometry with tuning fork tests, X-ray examination of the skull, angiography, otoscopy, and laboratory tests are performed. To stop the symptom, methods of psychotherapy, sedative phytopreparations are used.