Basophilia (basophilic leukocytosis) is an increase in the content of basophils more than 150 in 1 μl of blood or more than 1% of the total number of leukocytes. It often accompanies eosinophilia, since basophils and eosinophils are jointly involved in many pathological reactions. The causes of basophilia are allergic, inflammatory, oncohematological diseases. There are no specific manifestations, the clinical picture is determined by the underlying pathology. Measurement of the level of basophils is carried out in the general blood test. To eliminate basophilia, it is necessary to treat the disease against which it arose.
Viscous (thick) sputum is a symptom of chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract, which include bronchitis, congestive pneumonia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Viscous sputum is characteristic of tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, congenital and acquired bronchiectasis. To diagnose the cause of thick sputum, x-ray studies (CT, fluoroscopy, bronchography), endoscopic and functional methods are prescribed. Sputum analysis, standard blood tests are required. For treatment, mucolytics, anti-inflammatory, secretory agents, bronchodilators, antibiotics are used.
Suffocation is a pronounced lack of air, an extreme manifestation of shortness of breath, accompanied by a feeling of fear of death. It is caused by diseases of the respiratory tract, cardiovascular pathology, chest injuries and other conditions. Asphyxiation is diagnosed on the basis of clinical data, its causes are established using radiation diagnostics, functional examination, and endoscopy. When providing emergency care, it is necessary to ensure adequate ventilation of the respiratory tract. Further treatment depends on the cause of this condition.
Sneezing normally occurs under the influence of chemical or physical irritants of the nasal mucosa, when in a dry room, pregnancy. A pathological symptom occurs in acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and nasal polyps. Diagnosis includes anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses, microbiological and cytological analysis of a nasal swab. Local therapy is carried out with nasal drops with hormones, antibiotics, immunomodulators. Treatment is supplemented with antihistamines and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and surgical methods.